Book of Breathings

 by

Michael D. Rhodes

Department of Ancient ScriptureBrigham Young University

Hieroglyphic Text Accompanying the Vignette.

(1) . . . god’s servant of Amon-Re, [king] of the gods, god’s servant of Min, . . . beautiful . . . , priestof Khonsu, the controller of . . . (2) . . . Hôr, justified, the son of one of like titles, master of thesecrets, god’s priest, Wosir-wer, justified, [born of] (3) . . . Taikhebyt.May your soul live in their midst. May you be buried <in> the West. . . . (4) . . . . . . . (5) [May yougive to] him beautiful and useful things on the west [of Thebes] like . . .

Text of the Book of BreathingsI

. [They drag Osiris in]to the Pool of Khonsu, (2) and likewise [the Osiris, Hôr, justified] born of Taikhebyt, justified, (3) after he has grasped his heart. They bury (4) the Book of Breathings which<Isis> made, which (5) is written on both its inside and outside, (wrapped) in royal linen, and it is placed <under> the (6) left arm near his heart. The bearer makes (7) his coffin on the outside of it.This document is made for him so that (8) he might breathe like the souls of the gods forever and (9)ever.

II

. Beginning [of the Book of Breathings] which [Isis] made [for her brother, Osiris to cause his soulto live, to cause his body to live, to rejuvenate all his limbs] (2) again, [so that he might join] thehorizon with his father, Re, [and to cause his soul to appear in heave as the disk of the moon, so thathis body might shine like Orion in the womb of Nut, to] (3) cause [the same] thing to happen to theOsiris, Hôr, justified, [born of Taikhebyt, justified. Keep it secret!] (4) Do not let anyone read it. It isuseful [ for one in the necropolis. He will live again successfu]lly millions of times.(5) O [Osiris,] Hôr, justified, born of Ta[ikhebyt, justified. You have been purified. Your heart has been purified. Your front is in] a state of purity, your back (6) is in a state of cleanliness. Your midsection is <cleansed> with soda [and natron. No part of you is involved in wrong-doing.The Osiris, Hôr,] justified, born of [Taikhebyt, justified, begotten of] Remny-qa, is purified in that pool of [the Field of Offerings to the north of the Field of the Grasshopper.] Wadjet (8) and Nekhbethave purified you in the fourth hour of the night and the [fourth] hour [of the day.][Come, Osiris, Hôr, justified, born of Taikhebyt], justified. May you enter the Hall (9) of the TwoGoddesses of Truth. You have been purified from every sin [and misdeed. Stone of Truth is your name.][O] Osiris, Hôr, justified, may you enter (10) into the afterlife [in] a state of great purity. [The Two

Goddesses of Truth] have cleansed you [in the Great Hall. A purification has been performed for youin the Hall of Geb. Your body has been purified in the Hall] (11) of Shu. You see Re when [he] sets[and Atum in the evening. Amon is with you, giving breath to you. Ptah (12) is fashioning] your limbs. May you enter into the horizon together with Re. [ Your soul has been received into the Neshmet ship with Osiris. Your soul is made divine in the House of Geb. You are justified forever andever.]

III

. [Osiris,] Hôr, justified, born of Tai[khebyt, justified. May your name endure. May your body last.Then your mummy will endure.[1] You shall not be turned back from heaven or earth. May you bemade happy in the presence of Re.] (2) May your soul live in the presence of Amon. May your body be renewed in the presence of Osiris. May you breathe forever [and ever.][May your soul make invocation offerings for you of bread, beer, beef and fowl, libations and] (3)incense during the course [of every day. Your flesh is on] <your> bones, made like your form onearth. May you drink with [your throat.[2] May you eat with your mouth. May your receive] (4)offerings with [the souls of the gods. May] Anubis [protect] you and may he guard you. You shall not be turned back from the gates [of the afterlife.] May the twice [great] and mighty [Thoth,] Lord of Hermopolis, come to you and write for you the Book of Breathings with his own fingers. May your soul breathe (6) forever. May you assume again your form on earth among the living. You are divinewith the souls of the gods. Your heart is the heart of Re. Your limbs (7) [are the limbs of the GreatGod.][O Osiris,] Hôr, justified. Amon is with you every day . . . in the House of Re. May you live again.May Wepwawet open for you the [beautiful] path. (8) [May you see with your eyes and hear withyour] ears, speak with your mouth, and walk with your legs. Your souls is divine in the afterlife sothat it can assume any form it desires. May you cause the rustlings(?)[3] of the noble

 Ished 

-tree inHeliopolis. May you awake every day and see the rays (10) [of the sun. May Amon come to you bearing the breath of life. May he cause you to breathe [in] your coffin. May you go forth to the earthevery day. May you be given the Book (11) [of Breathings of Thoth for] your protection. May you breathe by means of it like Re. May your eye see the rays of the (sun’s) disk. May truth be spoken toyou (12) [in the presence of Osiris. May "justified" be written upon your body. Horus, the Avenger of His Father, Horus of Edfu, may he enfold your body in protection,[4] and may he cause your soul to be divine like all the gods do. The soul of Re is animating [your soul]. (13) [The soul of Shu uniteswith your [nos]trils.O Osiris, Hôr, justified, born of Taikebyt, justified. May your soul breathe [anyplace you want.]

IV

.[You are in the seat of Osiris. Foremost of the Westerners is your name. May the Great Inundationcome to you from Elephantine, and may he fill your offering table with provisions.](2) Osiris, Hôr, [justified, born of Taikhebyt, justified. May the gods of Upper and Lower Egypt cometo you and guide you to the

 Alcha’a

 [5] together with your soul. May] you [accompany] (3) Osiris andmay you breathe within the necropolis [together with the Great God. May your body live] (4) inBusiris and the Thinite Nome. May your soul live in heaven every day.[Osiris, Hôr, justified, born of Taikhebyt, justified. May Sekhmet have power over those who conspireagainst you. Horus,] (5) Great of Heart, is protecting you. Horus of Edfu [does what you want. Horusthe Beloved guards your body. May you endure in] (6) life, prosperity, and health. You have beenestablished upon your seat in the Sacred Land.[Come now Osiris, Hôr, justified, born of Taikhebyt, justified. You] have arisen in your likeness, thelikeness of your royal regalia. May you be established in life. [ May you spend your time in health.May you walk and breathe] (8) anywhere. May Re shine upon in cave[6] like (he did upon) Osiris.May [you] breathe [ and live on his rays. May Amon animate] (9) your

ka

, may it live, prosper, and behealthy.[7] May he cause you to flourish by the Book of Breathings. May you accompany Osiris [andHorus, Lord of the Henu-boat. You are the Great God,] (10) foremost among the gods. May your face

live and your form be beautiful. Your name is established every day. May you enter into the god’s[great hall (or council)] (11) in Busiris, and may you see the Foremost of the Westerners at the Wag-festival.[8] May your odor be as pleasant as a young man. [May your name be as great as] (12) anaugust [noble].O Osiris, Hôr, justified. May your soul live by means of the Book of Breathings. [May you join with](13) <your> soul. May you enter into the afterlife without your enemy. You are a divine soul [inBusiris.](The remainder of the papyrus is missing. Louvre Papyrus 3284, III, 21 to V, 11 can be used for themissing text.)

III.

 (21) You have your heart. It is not far from you.[9] (22) You have your eyes, which are openevery day.

IV.

 Words spoken by the gods who are in attendance on Re. Osiris NN (3) May you accompany (4)Osiris. May your soul live forever and ever.Words spoken by the gods who are in the afterlife (5) to Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners, and toOsirs NN (6) in order to open for him the doors of the afterlife.May you be received (7) in the necropolis. Come, let your soul live forever. May it build a portal inthe necropolis. (8) May your

ka

 praise its god, for it has received the Book of Breathings. Come, let itcause breathing.(9) A boon which the king gives to Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners, the Great God, Lord of Abydos. May he give a invocation offering (10) of bread, beer, beef, fowl, wine, milk, offerings, provisions, and every (11) good thing to the

ka

 of Osiris NN (12) May you be healthy. May your corpse live, enduring at the command of Re himself, and like Re neither perishing (13) nor being sick forever and ever.(14) O Far Strider[10] who has come forth from Heliopolis. Osiris NN has not done (15) any wrong.[11](16) O Great of Strength, who comes forth from Hery-aha.[12] Osiris NN has not committed (17) anyrobbery.(18) O One with the Nose,[13] who comes forth from Hermopolis. Osiris NN has not (19) shownfavoritism (?).[14](20) O Eye Swallower, who comes forth from the Double Caverns.[15] Osiris NN has not made (21)any seizure of property by theft.

V.

 O Terrible of Visage,[16] who comes forth from the necropolis, Osiris NN has not engaged in anydisputes.(2) O Ruty, who comes forth from heaven. Osiris NN has not cause a false reading of the balance.[17](3) O He Whose Eye is on Fire,[18] who comes forth from Letopolis. Osiris NN has not committedany deception.(4) O Gods who are in the hereafter, hear the voice of Osiris NN. He has come before you (5) withoutany evil committed by him, without any wrong-doing held against him, and without any witness whorises up against him. He lives by righteousness. He consumes righteousness. The hearts of the godsare content with all that he has done. (6) He has given bread to the hungry, water to the thirsty,clothing to the naked. He has given offerings to the gods and invocation offerings to the blessed dead.There is no accusation against him before any of the gods. Let him enter into the afterlife without being turned away. Let him accompany Osiris together with the gods (8) of the cavern, for he has life, prosperity, and health among the living, and he is divine among the justified dead. Let him live, andlet his soul live. Let (9) his soul be admitted into any place he desires. Accept his Book of Breathings.Let him breathe together with that soul of his in (10) the afterlife with any form his heart desirestogether with the Westerners. Let his soul go wherever it wants. Let him live upon the earth forever and ever.