When firing clay

When firing clay, a series of molecular changes occur as the pressure of the contained at most sphere of influence often named }temper}n{ature{

 or

 }temper Δ at true E{ 

increases,

 the idea of this

 {}{} 

the transforming process of }{ the state of continuous states formed by any malleable raw material composed ultimately of 

{}{}

contained at the earth containment rate

 of 

 one atmosphere at atmospheric pressure 

into a

 Hard~er, less im~permanent, and

 variably waterproof ceramic material

when the by products of the 

material consumed 

change from 

Equation

to

solution

to

solved

in

v

ol

v

and

D

the

revolution

of some water

out of solution

into

the IONS

that

Water

Hides Behind

as

WATTER

The energy found

all around motion in moving water bound 

Hydrogen bonded

liquid appearing shiny things

that is called

electric

The energy found 

all around motion moving mineral bound things

that is called

magnetic

all around Centers of Attraction attracting

IONS

That are called

Electrons

when not being called

OH-

Hydrons by the drones

hiding silently among us

 These transformations involve the sequential removal of water

 molecules from the water based clay material

 via the process of, 

decomposition of Hexagonal LY rooted CO

 containing Carbon rooted and so

Hexagonal centered Octagonal LY oriented

 lattice like organization

the ION of 

Oxygenated Organic matter 

that is matter bonded to molecules of octagonal oxygen

decomposed into geometric molecular components and

then re formed through the generation made possible by the ions of H2O acting the way Ions act forming the foundation for

 the formation of new crystalline and glass like phases of the 

same materials generated again at different angles through processes named and referred to as de hydro Oxy~lation, Σin~ter~in~g, and vitri-Φ-ic-at-ion.

 [1, 2, 3, 4] 

 

The changes are distinct and happen in distinct 'temperate' areas as real pressure containment volume stages of states: 

Stage 1.1: Water evaporation is always a function of localized air pressure combined at the geometric rate of allowable expansion and contraction centered on Nitrogen at root 7 composing and controlling the bonding moving and keeping in motion most of the at most sphere of influence here on the water covered earth Where the atmosphere forms a drop of water containing the mineral earth and all the components that the minerals found on earth are composed of. Most of which are Hydrogen bonding with something. Water being one example.

with Root 7 nonagon driven nitrogen containment pressure resulting in  all geometry driven

 

Molecular change: Stage One The first stage of Heating removes all loosely contained, due to weak Hydrogen bonds, H2O as water from the "clay" mixture of geometrically determined decomposed mineral composition. Leaving behind Oxygen the Octagon that needs the space normally required by Eight Hydrogens and a little bit for the motion.

 

  This includes all  volume formed from the Octagonal roots of water molecules acting as the root of all circular collections of eight Hydrogen ideas aka the positive offsetting the negative to form a point as does lightening when the charge collected as a cloud is connected with the charge that is contained at the surface of the mostly salt water covered earth.

 

  with two additional Hydrogen reformation ideas presented as Proton organized positive inward spin energized magnetic hooks hanging off one now negatively organized flank aligned between the flat, hexagonal clay plate like molecular structure of the otherwise named geometrically/molecularly determined mineral content always including H2O as water in the fluid state available at sea level +/-33 feet. ready willing and always able to bond, symmetrically given the at most sphere IC pressure at the geometrically determined arithmetic rates of change that water changes at.

• Result:: As a contained liquid solvent water dissociates or reverse dissociates which is self generates itself at a level of pressure greater  than or as must be the case at sea level at atmospheric pressure +/- 33 feet considered to be the unity of atmospheric pressure defining 1  into gaseous steam water  a form of water that is the obvious result of the autoprotolysis of Hydrogen available as a product at any temperature here in the atmosphere of earth where pressure is the ultimate determinate for releasing so called weak bonds holding it as H onto . Heated magnets lose the grip strength they contain otherwise at sea level. Oxygen when forming the liquid lattice of H2O requiring the constant making and breaking of magnetically organized geometric bond angles found between molecule components and between molecules in the incessant water borne effort to keep the containment circularly  contained until a boundary is encountered on three sides shifting the focus of containment to a center contained along two concentric axes then when released along one or at any angle to the orthogonal there is action resulting in re action  causing OH- electrons to accumulate in a contained container and create volume as the space needed to contain their once contained energy is now increased due to the release as H3O+ ions have little to bond with in the containment of the at most sphere influenced and influence able as the contained H2 and O2 that used to form water at the smallest possible containment meant to be made possible by the geometry of an Octagon gone south is the now offsetting volume that  increases at the rate of dissociation expanding into the  offsetting area leading to the path of least resistance which turns back to strengthen itself  to the north to be occupied as geometry demands generating Octagonal LY contained volume inside the constraining container that is formed by the content under the pressure of the at most sphere of influence result in G a drop of positive proton centered attraction often known as water 

which must be allowed to escape at the rate electrons are produced at in the conversion of 2H2O geometry to OH- + H3O+ geometry to avoid A pressure

build up in the re cycling cycle in which water removes itself from every unbalanced situation by seeking the path of least resistance at the edge of the at most sphere of contained influence down the rows and up the columns again to the next level of circular containment water seeks as it seeks to be with itself the eventual cause is visible as the crack in the clay and when a crack well contained by a well of well contained volume inside the at most sphere of influence, will explode

 

when the 

bonds generated by the recent more static volume formation are over powered by the expanding Hydrogen/Oxygen rich air created by H2O deprotonation

Deprotonation is the removal of a proton 

$H^{+}$

from a molecule

 which leaves the molecule with a negative charge

as an electron motivated ion

 and forms a conjugate base. 

which will be attracted to proton concentrations

or ions seeking an electron to be complete

and will be repelled when by the opposite

force when the containing energy of protons is

collectively  bought to the surface of a containing

membrane of any material

composed of Oxygen or Hydrogen Ions

which is pretty much anything that is not water.

This is the fundamental chemical process in 

the fluidity of water often described in this century as 

acid/base reactions where an acid [Water as 2H3O+] is attracted to strong organizations with extra electrons attached and so is said to donate a proton {Water as H3O+} to a base ( Water as OH-) otherwise known as the electron to form neutral and theoretically charge less water as 2H2O. De~proton~at~ion makes the resulting water molecule more electron-rich and is essential As the solution to the solvent state experienced in all water based solvent reactions, including the formation of nucleophiles and other reactive intermediates and all so called oxidation or burning

of carbon oxygen bonded material into

the geometric components

Carbon and Oxygen

are formed

from

as

H  

 This process is complete when the clay is "bone-dry". [5, 6, 7, 8]  

Stage 1.2: De H-Y-droxy Lation (350°C to 800°C) • Molecular change phase one point two: Above the dissociation point of water, hydrogen  bonded water molecules—the clay material content's  Hydrogen solvent salved plasmatic attracted crystal lattice—are broken due to Autoprotolysis incessantly performed by water in changing water into steam  as electrified water the dissociated state that H2O will put itself into when the pressure containing the identified organization is reorganized and detected in the constant process of self detection that water is and which defines water at the motion level 

 

. For Kao-linite clay, this process, called

 

de hydro oxy lat ion

 

converts the crystal structures in the clay into

 

meta ka o lin

 

when the hdroxy is de converted into

mata ka and the ion is mixed up with itself and a line. 

• Result: This is immediately reversible, at other sets of at most sphere IC contained pressures such as when you press the clay with your fingers and cause the H2O molecules to re arrange given the right angled impression you ionize into the material.:. This is a non immediately reversible Hydrogen based change the result of weak and ever present hydro gen bonds that transform the geometry of the components that form clay into a semi permanent semi water-insoluble ceramic material after pressure organized reorientation of the components removing the liquid  ity~ness of the clay as a com pounded composite of the same materials water  H2O is eventually  decompose able into.

 [2, 8, 9]  

Stage 3: Organic matter burnout (700°C to 900°C) •

 

Molecular change phase three: Any organic material, carbon root 6 / sulfur root 16, compounds present in the clay are oxidized as Oxygen root 8 in the form of H3O+ protons Oxidize eight ways from the center all of the other arrangements of Hydrogen in the process known as burning where Hexagonal arrangements of Hydrogen known as carbon are taken apart from their ion creating components as Hydrogen or Oxygen  releasing  gaseous aka other ly arrangements of Hydrogen in less solid and more aque~ous~ly aque~ous formations in the new form of old byproducts which have pieces of the decomposed material called matter magnetically attached to each other due to incomplete polarization often called combustion under certain at most sphere IC conditions producing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as by products of the action often called a re action to an impetus called randomness that is better known as autoprotolysis as the determining action of all water based action and reaction as ions.

• Result: If this stage happens too Ra~π εΔ ly and too many electrons are released from the material geometry they were just formally attached to creating volume in the at most sphere of influence or without enough oxygen in the in most sphere of influence  reducing volume contained through oxidation or combustion at all levels of ion is at ion ionization, the carbon will be magnetically proton~ic~ally trapped, leading to a swollen, dark "black core" of solid carbon dioxide  eventually to be contained by crystal ionized silicon oxide in the finished piece.:.once returned to atmospheric pressure conditions which are the determinants of temperate at you are Re every where Re is.  [5, 8, 10]  

Stage 4: Sintering (700°C to 1000°C) • Molecular change phase four: As the temperature rises due to the electrons released from former proton concentric magnetic bondage as H2O these recently released Hydrogen hangers on hang on Fly off into the  wind in the free state OZ as OH- requiring more volume to contain the same capacity

at the same time as they leave behind the H3O+ protons sitting on their well Magnetized behind ready to attract others at the other end of  the minimum proton action attraction level ~ the electron attraction interaction level layer  l which when reached will re organize the clay forming crystal organized particles arranging the same old idea to new angles where there are new bonds formed to  bond together the old arrangements at their  new new points of almost constant contact arranged through the crystal like arrangement less fluidly organized into an angular ly determined solid-state diffusion pattern better referred to as Octagonally organized GeometriC C centered O level organization. After All the points aligning at the Appropriate Angles .:. The surfaces of the Θ particles begin to melt and fuse together, reducing the porosity of the material. As Hydrogen bonds are eliminated one by one

• Result: The material under pressure of pressure becomes denser/harder and stronger on the scale of one to three though it often remains porous at this "bisque" stage of contained H2O row arranged porosity where the contained structure of H2O is always interactive and interacting with any H2O in the at most sphere of immediate influence. [4, 11, 12, 13, 14]  

Stage 5: Quartz inversion (around 573°C) •

 

Molecular change phase five seventy three: In the Cooling off from peak pressure causing geometric re arrangement of H at all the levels it takes when Θ and at other angles, The crystal structure of quartz as former silicon dioxide material }root 14 bonded to 2 x root 8{  within the clay inverts from alpha-quartz to beta-quartz. 

Alpha (α) quartz is stable at room temperature and has a trigonal crystal structure, while beta (β) quartz is stable at temperatures above 573C and

${573}^{\circ }C$

has a hexagonal crystal structure with hexagonal symmetry the double of the trigonal symmetry it has before Hydrogen is removed from the picture and the two surfaces bond to form one.  The transition between the two forms into one form is a rapid, dis place ive change that occurs when temperature as

pressure changes A constant at all levels relative to sea level here on eArΘ, with no bonds being broken. As a result, almost all quartz found in nature is alpha-quartz with a tri gonal .:. crystal structure vibrating

at 2^15Θ representing the best idea of solid oxygen held together by pure glue composed of itself at 

twice the size of its other self with all electrons well contained and self organized in crystal clear perfection the idea of an ion from the onset of i to .:. it and its

This change is accompanied by an offset expansion in contained volume as the at most sphere of influence on the spherical equation level which is infinite in small ness due to the dot form .:. forming lines into the idea of angles generating the required  H shaped bonds for form a  Θ formed solution of about 2%. 

• Result: This volume change is reversible and happens again during cooling. A potter must modulate the heating and cooling at this temperature to modulate the stress cracking that will be displayed in the final air pressure driven containment of atmospheric water separation communicating with the surface of the piece as the material is now named and called and known as pottery. [15, 16, 17, 18, 19]  

Stage 6: Vitrification and mullite formation (above 1000°C)

 

• Molecular change phase six magnetics: At high temperatures, flux impurities (like feldspar) melt to form a viscous, glassy liquid that fills the pores between the clay particles.

Feldspar's mineral composition is a mix of aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and at least one of the alkali metals: sodium (Na), potassium (K), or calcium (Ca), 

following the general formula

alsi3o8

. These elements combine into two main groups: alkali feldspars, rich in potassium and/or sodium, and plagioclase feldspars, which are a solid solution of sodium and calcium feldspars

 

As this happens, new, needle-like mullite (aluminum silicon) crystals grow within the clay body. 

• Result: The glassy phase cements the mullite crystals together, creating an interlocking matrix that gives the ceramic its final hardness, relative strength, and impermeability. The overall firing shrinkage occurs primarily during this stage. [3, 20, 21, 22, 23]  

Overview of molecular transformation | Temperature Range [3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 21, 22] | Process | Molecular Change | Resulting State |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Up to 200°C | Drying | Mechanically trapped water evaporates. | "Bone-dry" clay; still fragile. |

| 350–800°C | Dehydroxylation | Chemically bonded water is released from the crystal lattice. | Irreversible chemical change to ceramic material. |

| 700–900°C | Organic Burnout | Carbon and sulfur compounds oxidize and escape as gas. | Eliminates impurities that could cause defects. |

| 573°C (reversible) | Quartz Inversion | Alpha-quartz crystal structure shifts to beta-quartz. | Expansion and contraction that must be controlled. |

| 700–1000°C | Sintering | Particles bond together at points of contact. | Increased strength; pores remain open. |

| Above 1000°C | Vitrification | Fluxes melt to form a glassy liquid that fills pores. | Dense, strong, and waterproof ceramic. |

| Above 1000°C | Mullite Formation | Growth of needle-like aluminum silicate crystals. | Interlocking crystal structure for added strength. |

AI responses may include mistakes.

[1] https://www.mudhutpotterystudio.com/blog1/the-science-of-firing-kiln-basics-explained

[2] https://www.bluedogceramics.com/pottery-lessons/pottery-and-chemistry-exploring-clay-composition

[3] https://ceramicartsnetwork.org/daily/article/Firing-Clay-The-Lowdown-on-the-Ceramic-Firing-Process

[4] https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/an-overview-of-the-firing-process-2746250

[5] https://digitalfire.com/article/firing%3A+what+happens+to+ceramic+ware+in+a+firing+kiln

[6] https://ceramicartsnetwork.org/ceramics-monthly/ceramics-monthly-article/Techno-File-Clay-Structure

[7] https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/an-overview-of-the-firing-process-2746250

[8] https://thepotterywheel.com/what-happens-to-clay-when-it-is-fired/

[9] https://bigceramicstore.com/pages/info-ceramics-tips-tip31_clay_drying_firing

[10] https://potteryclaythailand.com/en/blogs/knowledge-base/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A

[11] https://digitalfire.com/glossary/sintering

[12] https://kindle-tech.com/faqs/what-is-sintering-of-clay-materials

[13] https://ceramicmaterialsworkshop.com/size-matters-understanding-shrinkage-in-the-kiln/

[14] https://help.glazy.org/concepts/glaze

[15] https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/how-temperature-changes-clay-2746240

[16] https://ceramicartsnetwork.org/daily/article/Quartz-Inversion-and-Other-Important-Stages-of-Firing-Pottery

[17] https://www.eyeofthedaygdc.com/2014/12/terracotta-transformations-fire-baked-earth/

[18] http://faea.org/FAEAApps/(A(onzFVCfqzQEkAAAAZTRlYTAwMzktZTQ4OS00ODM5LTg0ZjItYTBiNmI5NjYxNTEzkrzWeA-XwiWXPJKryEJkQ0Q2VYk1)S(3c3ped4ireupcmbtfgfcosi3))/Conference/Handouts/11/KilnFiringChart.pdf

[19] https://digitalfire.com/article/firing%3A+what+happens+to+ceramic+ware+in+a+firing+kiln

[20] http://www.clt.astate.edu/wrowe/ceramics/clay/process.html

[21] https://bigceramicstore.com/pages/info-ceramics-tips-tip31_clay_drying_firing

[22] https://digitalfire.com/article/firing%3A+what+happens+to+ceramic+ware+in+a+firing+kiln

[23] https://digitalfire.com/material/mullite